Health enhancing beliefs and practices are developed during the process of life-long socialization. To be able to make informed choices regarding physical and mental health, HL, as well as the ability to critically assess available information, are required. The aim of our research is twofold: to investigate the current framework for health education in Polish schools defined as any combination of learning experiences designed to help individuals and communities improve their health, by increasing their knowledge or influencing their attitudes, with regard to its content aimed to build HL, and developing skills in CT about health choices in pupils, and to investigate its outcomes in terms of the level of health literacy and CT skills in pupils. In the framework of this project, we want to answer the following research questions:

• Who (actors) teaches, what (content) is taught and how (methods) health-related topics are taught?
• To what extent HL and CT are covered in the school curriculum?
• What kind of educational content related to physical and mental health is presented in the available school
• textbooks and educational materials?
• What are the experiences of teachers and pupils regarding teaching/ learning for HL and CT in the selected primary schools?
• What is the level of HL and CT about health choices in primary schools in Poland?
• What are the gaps in health education with regard to developing HL and CT? Are there any silent actors, invisible topics, or absent methods?

We are interested in providing a comprehensive description of the current situation of health education regarding HL and the skills in CT in the Polish education system particularly on the primary level, as this first, obligatory, stage of education corresponds with the period of cognitive and social development, which is crucial for shaping attitudes towards own health and body and is significant for more consciously determining own practices in that respect.